574. Waialeʻe Industrial School

Today Waialeʻe Industrial School in Hawaii is only a tomb but past generations remember this place with fear. Not everyone was placed there fairly. There was a time where the United States ran the former Kingdom of Hawaii as a kind of colony controlled by private businessmen who didn’t accept democracy or even the kingdom itself. It closed in the 1950’s.

It could not have been a fun place to be as a teenager.

Sources:

• The boys of Waiale‘e(Honolulu Weekly)
• Ruins of the Waialeʻe Industrial School For Boys (Mariela Flores Fine Art Photography)
• Waialeʻe Industrial School (Ho‘okuleana)

416. Cross Creek Center

Cross Creek Center was the male version of the Cross Creek Programs. It closed around 2009.

Isolation cells were used and former students often spoke a number of manuel restraints taking place.

The WWASP system consisted of 6 levels. Often it took months before students were able to talk to family and friends.

Sources:

• Students Recall Special Schools Run Like Jails (The New York Times)
• Cross Creek Programs (WWASP survivors)
• Theodurk at Cross Creek Programs – Part 1 (Asylum horrible blog)
• Owners – Staff (#opstopinstabuse)
• My experience with Cross Creek, WWASP, and institutionalized child abuse (The Captive Teen)